Stat
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India
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Canada
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Administrative Divisions
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28 states and 7 union territories*; Andaman and Nicobar Islands*,
Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Chhattisgarh,
Dadra and Nagar Haveli*, Daman and Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana,
Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala,
Lakshadweep*, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram,
Nagaland, Odisha, Puducherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu,
Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal
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10 provinces and 3 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba,
New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories*, Nova
Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon*
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Capital City
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New Delhi
28 36 N, 77 12 E
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Ottawa
45 25 N, 75 42 W
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Constitution
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previous 1935 (preindependence); latest draft completed 4 November
1949, adopted 26 November 1949, effective 26 January 1950; amended many times
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made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions,
and traditions; the written part of the constitution consists of the
Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a federation of four
provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April 1982, which transferred
formal control over the constitution from Britain to Canada, and added a
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as well as procedures for
constitutional amendments
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Government type
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Federal Republic
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a parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a constitutional
monarchy
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Judicial Branch
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Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the governor general
on the recommendation of the prime minister); Federal Court of Canada;
Federal Court of Appeal; Tax Court of Canada; Provincial/Territorial Courts
(these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queen's Bench, Superior
Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)
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Supreme Court (one chief justice and 25 associate justices are
appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the age of
65 or are removed for "proved misbehavior")
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Legal System
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common law system except in Quebec where civil law based on the
French civil code prevails
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common law system based on the English model; separate personal law
codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus; judicial review of
legislative acts
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National Symbols
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maple leaf
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the Lion Capital of Ashoka, which depicts four Asiatic lions standing
back to back mounted on a circular abacus, is the official emblem; the Bengal
tiger is the national animal
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